Diet intervention and its association with gastrointestinal toxicity and gut microbiota in cancer patients during radiotherapy
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary intervention on gastrointestinal toxicity in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and to explore its correlation with changes in gut microbiota.Methods A total of 120 cancer patients were randomly assigned to the control group(radiotherapy only)and the experimental group(radiotherapy plus dietary intervention).Nutritional status was assessed by comparing hemoglobin,albumin,and prealbumin levels between the two groups.Gastrointestinal toxicity was evaluated by recording stool frequency,consistency,the use of antidiarrheal medication,and vomiting conditions.Immune function was assessed by detecting CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and NK cells.Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and correlation analysis was performed.Results Post-radiotherapy,the experimental group showed a significant increase in hemoglobin levels(P＜0.001),with prealbumin levels remaining stable(P＞0.05),while the control group exhibited a significant decrease in prealbumin levels(P＜0.001).The experimental group experienced significant improvements in gastrointestinal toxicity compared to the control group,including stool frequency(P＜0.05),stool consistency(P＜0.05),reduced use of antidiarrheal medication(P＜0.05),and alleviated vomiting(P＜0.05).In terms of immune function,the numbers of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and NK cells in the experimental group remained relatively stable with no significant changes(P＞0.05).Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the experimental group had increased diversity and richness compared to the control group.Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were negatively correlated with lower gastrointestinal toxicity(P＜0.05),while Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Verrucom icrobia were positively correlated with certain toxicity symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dietary intervention plays a positive role in improving the nutritional status of cancer patients during radiotherapy and reducing gastrointestinal toxicity,and it positively affects immune function by modulating gut microbiota composition.These findings provide a scientific basis for personalized dietary management and gut health in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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