Pathogenic biological characteristics and risk factor analysis of postoperative infections in neurosurgery
Objective This study aims to investigate the pathobiological characteristics and risk factors of intracranial infections following neurosurgical procedures,providing a scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that included 200 patients who underwent neurosurgical operations in a tertiary hospital between January 2021 and June 2024.Detailed data were collected through medical record review,laboratory test results,imaging studies,and follow-up information.The status of postoperative intracranial infections and the distribution of pathogens were documented.Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test,and multivariate analysis was performed using a conditional Logistic regression model to identify relevant risk factors for postoperative infections.Results Among the 200 patients,23 developed postoperative intracranial infections.The main pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus(43.48％),P seudomonas aeruginosa(26.09％),Enterobacteriaceae(17.39％),Fungi(8.70％),and other pathogens(4.34％).The infection sites were mainly intracranial(65.22％),followed by wounds(21.74％).The main clinical manifestations were fever(86.96％)and headache(65.22％).Univariate analysis showed that surgery duration＞4 hours(P=0.001),ICU stay＞7 days(P=0.01),preoperative hospital stay＞7 days(P=0.03),diabetes mellitus(P=0.04),intraoperative blood transfusion(P=0.02),and postoperative mechanical ventilation(P=0.01)were potential risk factors for postoperative infections.Multivariate analysis further confirmed that surgery duration＞4 hours(P=0.001),ICU stay＞7 days(P=0.02),intraoperative blood transfusion(P=0.03),and postoperative mechanical ventilation(P=0.01)were independent risk factors for postoperative infections.Antibiotic treatment was more effective in S.aureus infections,but multidrug resistance was common in some pathogens.Conclusion S.aureus is the primary pathogen of intracranial infections following neurosurgical procedures.Surgery duration＞4 hours,ICU stay＞7 days,intraoperative blood transfusion,and postoperative mechanical ventilation are important risk factors for postoperative infections.The findings of this study provide valuable references for clinical prevention and treatment.
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