Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and related factors of mumps in Anyang area,Henan Province
Objective The epidemiological characteristics and related factors of mumps were thoroughly discussed in Anyang area,Henan Province.Methods By using retrospective investigation method,605 mumps patients who were permanent residents of Anyang City,Henan Province from January 2022 to December 2023 were sampled and selected as the research objects of this study.At the same time,600 healthy people in the same area were selected as the healthy control group.A detailed epidemiological investigation was conducted on the two groups of people,and relevant data were collected.The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of onset time,age and gender distribution of cases,and statistical analysis was conducted on possible influencing factors,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.Results Among the 605 mumps patients,57.19％were male and 42.81％were female.Distribution of onset age:The age group of 0-5 years old accounts for the largest proportion(54.88％),followed by 6-10 years old(28.93％).Among males,the proportion of 0-5 years old was 60.12％,and the proportion of 6-10 years old was 24.57％;among females,the proportion of 0-5 years old was 47.88％,and the proportion of 6-10 years old was 34.75％.There was a significant difference in the comparison of the age groups of 0-5 years old and 6-10 years old between patients of different genders(P＜0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the age groups of 11-15 years old,16-20 years old,21-30 years old,31-40 years old,41-50 years old,51-60 years old,and＞60 years old(P＞0.05).In 2022,there were 273 cases of mumps(45.12％).The number of cases in each month was 13 in January,9 in February,17 in March,9 in April,20 in May,22 in June,8 in July,8 in August,35 in September,63 in October,45 in November,and 24 in December.In 2023,there were 332 cases of mumps(54.88％).The number of cases in each month was 22 in January,15 in February,40 in March,24 in April,27 in May,29 in June,17 in July,16 in August,32 in September,38 in October,48 in November,and 24 in December.The comparison showed that there were significant differences in the number of cases in March,April,and October(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in other months(P＞0.05).Among the 605 mumps patients,all of them had parotid swelling/pain.51.57％had aggravated pain when chewing,22.31％had fever,15.04％had headache,7.44％had lethargy,5.45％had abdominal pain,4.3％had vomiting,2.98％had complicated meningitis,2.15％had complicated orchitis,and 2.48％had complicated hearing loss.Comparing the clinical data of patients in the disease group and the control group,univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the comparison of floating population,one dose of MMR vaccine,two doses of MMR vaccine,one dose of monovalent mumps vaccine,two doses of monovalent mumps vaccine,and the vaccination times of monovalent mumps vaccine,MMR,and MM(P＜0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of gender(P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the floating population was an independent risk factor affecting the incidence of mumps(P＜0.05),and one dose of MMR vaccine,two doses of MMR vaccine,one dose of monovalent mumps vaccine,and two doses of monovalent mumps vaccine were protective factors for mumps(P＜0.05).Conclusion In Anyang area,male patients accounted for a relatively large proportion among mumps patients.The age group of 0-5 years old had the highest incidence.There was a significant difference in the comparison of patients of different genders in the age groups of 0-5 years old and 6-10 years old.In 2022 and 2023,there were significant differences in the number of cases in March,April,and October.The peak months of onset were different in these two years.All mumps patients had parotid swelling/pain,and some patients had symptoms such as aggravated pain when chewing,fever,headache,lethargy,abdominal pain,and vomiting.The vaccination rate was negatively correlated with the incidence of mumps,further suggesting the important role of vaccination in preventing mumps.Therefore,vaccination work for migrant children should become the focus of prevention and control to reduce the incidence of mumps and the risk of complications.
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