Analysis of the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria and risk factors for nosocomial infection after interventional treatment in patients with coronary heart disease
Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria and related risk factors of nosocomial infection after interventional treatment in patients with coronary heart disease,in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the research data of 53 patients with nosocomial infection after coronary heart disease interventional treatment and 60 patients who underwent interventional treatment during the same period without nosocomial infection in our hospital.The types of pathogenic bacteria were identified,the clinical data of patients were analyzed,and the risk factors for nosocomial infection were explored.Results Among the 53 patients with nosocomial infections,21 cases(39.62％)had respiratory tract infections,16 cases(30.19％)had urinary system infections,8cases(15.09％)had puncture-site infections,5cases(9.43％)had gastrointestinal infections,and 3 cases(5.66％)had skin tissue infections.A total of 53 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected,including 23 Gram-negative bacteria(43.40％),27 Gram-positive bacteria(50.94％),and 3 strains of fungi(5.66％).Among the Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common,accounting for 30.43％,followed by Escherichia coli(26.09％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21.74％),Acinetobacter baumannii(13.04％),and Enterobacter cloacae(8.70％).Among the Gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus was the most common,accounting for 29.63％,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis(25.93％),Streptococcus pneumoniae(18.52％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus(14.81％),and Enterococcus faecalis(11.11％).All of the fungi were Candida albicans.Among patients with respiratory tract infections,the constituent ratio of pathogenic bacteria was 52.38％for Gram-negative bacteria,42.86％for Gram-positive bacteria,and 4.76％for fungi.Among patients with urinary system infections,the constituent ratio of pathogenic bacteria was 31.25％for Gram-negative bacteria,56.25％for Gram-positive bacteria,and 12.5％for fungi.There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of pathogenic bacteria between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Analysis of the data of patients in the infection group and the control group showed that univariate analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,diabetes,invasive operations,chronic bronchitis,disease course,cardiac function,hospitalization and operation duration,mechanical ventilation,etc.(P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in terms of gender,hypertension,smoking history,and puncture site(P＞0.05).Further binary Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes,invasive operations,a history of chronic tracheitis,a disease course of≥1 year,cardiac function grades 3-4,and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection after interventional treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nosocomial infections after interventional treatment in patients with coronary heart disease mainly occurred in the respiratory tract.Among the pathogenic bacteria,Gram-positive bacteria accounted for the highest proportion,and S.aureus and S.epidermidis were the main types of pathogenic bacteria.Diabetes,invasive operations,a history of chronic tracheitis,a disease course of≥1 year,cardiac function at grade 3-4,and mechanical ventilation were important independent risk factors for nosocomial infections after interventional treatment.Therefore,in view of these independent risk factors,more stringent preventive measures should be taken clinically to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections after interventional treatment.
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