The upper cervical spine has a special anatomical position and complex structure.It connects with the skull above and the spine below,with important nerve and vascular structures around it.Trauma to the head and neck is prone to lead to fracture and disloca-tion of the upper cervical spine,even complicated with spinal cord injury.In terms of treatment,conventional open surgery has considerable iatrogenic trauma with many complications,which is difficult to be accepted by most patients.However,conservative treatment has limited indications and other shortages.Minimally invasive surgery has gradually become a new choice due to its advantages of less tissue damage and fewer complications.This article reviews the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques for upper cervical spine fractures and dislocations,in order to provide reference for clinical practice.
fracture of the upper cervical spineminimally invasive surgerysurgical techniquespercutaneous procedure
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