Objective To discuss the application of problem/case-based learning(PBL/CBL)and the traditional lecture-based learning(LBL)in the clinical teaching anesthesiologists Mastery of esophageal echocardiography.Methods From February 2022 to February 2023 a total of 40 anesthesiologists who were trained in the anesthesiology department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were allocated into two groups according to the random number table method.The experimental group adopted PBL combined with CBL.The control group adopted LBL.Basic theoretical knowledge,operational skills,image interpretation ability and clinical application were compared.The assessment scores and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared.Results The scores of the basic theoretical knowledge test[(83.20±2.56)points],skill operation ability[(81.90±2.20)points],image interpretation ability[(83.15±2.78)points],and clinical application ability[(86.20±3.89)points]in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group[(72.45±2.32)points,(74.20±2.54)points,(73.20±2.09)points,(73.29±1.40)points],the difference were statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared with the control group,self-ability[(7.45±0.27)points],teaching form[(7.39±0.23)points],and teaching effect[(7.42±0.22)points],with self-ability[(8.50±0.28)points],teaching form[(8.49±0.25)points],teaching effect[(8.55±0.26)points],the overall satisfaction with teaching method in the experimental group was significantly higher,and the difference were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with LBL method,PBL combined with CBL method can effectively improve the master degree of theoretical knowledge,improve the clinical operation skills of anesthesiology professional training doctors in learning TEE and master the clinical application ability of TEE in the perioperative period,and trainee have higher satisfaction with PBL combined with CBL teaching method.