Objective To study the application effect of case-based learning(CBL)combined with mind mapping in infectious disease probation.Methods A total of 34 students majoring in clinical medicine of grade 2018 of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected for internship in the department of infection from September to November 2021.The control group was taught with CBL teaching method,while the research group was taught with CBL teaching method combined with mind mapping.The probation test and feasibility evaluation of the two groups were compared.Results The theoretical and case scores of the research group[(86.12±3.06)points,(89.41±2.67)points]were higher than those of the control group[(78.35±3.62)points,(80.35±3.28)points],and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).The satisfaction with learning interest,clinical thinking training,theory and practice of the research group[(4.18±0.64)points,(4.24±0.66)points,(4.29±0.59)points]was higher than that of the control group[(3.24±0.75)points,(3.12±0.70)points,(3.29±0.69)points].The differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Application of CBL teaching method combined with mind mapping can stimulate the initiative and participation of medical students in the study of infectious diseases,improve their clinical thinking and problem-solving ability,and help to improve the quality of clinical internship teaching in infectious diseases.