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专利技术特征溯源及其规范化

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技术特征是专利法领域的基础性术语,但专利法和专利审查指南均未对如此重要的术语进行定义,从而导致技术特征的适用困难.梳理权利要求制度的发展过程可知,权利要求虽然起到界定专利权范围的作用,但实际起界权功能的是构成权利要求的要素即技术特征.经历了前专利法时代到专利法领域的应用,技术特征术语从技术认识和表达的工具转变为具有规范意义的界权工具.对技术特征的定义和分析有助于消除各种术语之间的混乱,然而由于技术特征的定义造成技术特征划分取决于技术功能的抽象化程度,导致技术特征划分量级的不确定性.以事实与价值二分原理作为理论依据,对于不同价值判断的技术功能抽象化水平则应结合所处的具体情境,在实践理由支撑下进行价值衡量,从而实现技术特征划分的理性化和规范化.
Tracing and Standardization of Patent Technical Features
Technical features are fundamental terms in the field of patent law,but neither patent law nor patent examination guidelines define such important terms,resulting in difficulties in the application of technical features.By reviewing the development process of the claim system,it can be seen that although claims play a role in defining the scope of patent rights.But in reality,what functions as a boundary of right are the elements that constitute the claims,namely technical features.Having gone through the pre patent law era and its application in the field of patent law,the terminology of technical features has transformed from a tool for understanding and express-ing technology to a tool for defining rights with normative significance.The definition and analysis of technical features help to eliminate the confusion among various terms.However,the definition of technical features causes the division of technical features to depend on the abstraction degree of technical functions,leading to uncertainty in the magnitude of the division of technical features.With the di-chotomy principle of fact and value as the theoretical basis,the abstraction level of technical functions of different value judgments should be measured in combination with the specific situation and supported by practical reasons,so as to realize the rationalization and standardization of the division of technical features.

Technical featureClaimTechnical functionFact and value dichotomy

饶先成

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中国计量大学法学院,浙江杭州 310018

技术特征 权利要求 技术功能 事实与价值二分

2024

中国科技论坛
中国科学技术发展战略研究院

中国科技论坛

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.081
ISSN:1002-6711
年,卷(期):2024.(2)
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