首页|江户时代《授时历注解》的作者及其内容

江户时代《授时历注解》的作者及其内容

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中国古代重要历法《授时历》传入日本后被翻刻、传播与研究,对江户日本数理科学产生了巨大影响.《元史·历志》中的"历议"是有关中国古代历法理论的重要文献,在明清时期几乎无人研究,而江户时期的日本学者对其进行了注解,先后出现建部贤弘(1664-1739)、西村远里(1718-1787)、原田茂嘉(1740-1807)三人的注解.文章首先考证了日本东北大学附属图书馆所藏《授时历注解》的作者为原田茂嘉,而非高桥至时(1764-1804).其次对原田茂嘉及其著述进行了调查,并对其注解内容及其知识来源进行了考证与梳理,认为其注解引用《天文图解发挥》(中根元圭)、《历算全书》(梅文鼎)和《授时解》(西村远里)最多.最后,文章对原田茂嘉《授时历议注解》中对"验气"和"不用积年日法"的注解进行解读,认为原田对"验气"部分的图解式注解值得称道;他在"不用积年日法"部分对李谦和齐履谦推求演纪上元的三种可能情形进行了补充.他补充的两种情形是利用关孝和的剪管术推求演纪上元的,其方法实质与大衍总数术相同.
The Author and Content of Jujireki Chukai in the Edo Period
After being introduced to Japan,the important ancient Chinese calendar,the Shoushi Calendar,was reprinted and disseminated.The article first verifies that the author of the Commentary on the Shoushi Calendar or Jujireki Chukai housed in the library affiliated to Tohoku University is Harada Shigeyoshi,not Takahashi Yoshitoki(1764-1804).It then investigates Harada Shigeyoshi and his writings,and examines and organizes the content of his commentary and its sources of knowledge,finding that it most frequently cites the Tianwen tujie fahui(by Nakane Genkei),the Lisuan quanshu(by Mei Wending),and the Juji kai(by Nishimura Tōsato).Lastly,the article interprets Harada's annotations on"yanqi(Collecting or modifying data for the solar terms)"and"buyong jinianrifa(Abolition of the calendar epoch)"in his Jujireki Chukai,and thinks that Harada's annotations in"yanqi"through diagrams are commendable.The"buyong jinianrifa"section is rich in annotations,which supplements the three possible situations that Li Qian and Qi Lvqian proposed to calculate the yanji shangyuan.The two new situations proposed by Harada use Seki Takakazu's jianguan technique,a method essentially the same as that of the Dayan Rule.

Lizhi of the History of the Yuan DynastyLiyi(Commentary on calendars)Harada ShigeyoshiJujireki ChukaiJuji Kai

张稳、徐泽林

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中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京 100190

中国科学院大学,北京 100049

东华大学人文学院,上海 200051

《元史·历志》 历议 原田茂嘉 《授时历注解》 《授时解》

国家自然科学基金项目山东大学全球汉籍合璧工程

11873024

2024

中国科技史杂志
中国科学技术史学会 中国科学院自然科学史所

中国科技史杂志

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.218
ISSN:1673-1441
年,卷(期):2024.45(1)
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