在经验定律与形而上学思考之间——道尔顿的物理原子论
Between Empirical Laws and Metaphysical Thinking:Dalton's Physical Atomism
徐雅纯 1罗紫薇2
作者信息
- 1. 南京信息工程大学,南京 210044
- 2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
- 折叠
摘要
道尔顿原子论包含原子的物理论证和相对原子质量的计算方法,分别被后世化学史家定义为物理原子论与化学原子论.因前者已被现代化学证伪,而后者对当时的化学界和现代化学的贡献令人瞩目,故轻前者、重后者的研究思路盛行.这一思路难以解释道尔顿早年对热学的重视.本文认为道尔顿的理论体系分为原子论、热质理论和亲和力理论三大版块.原子论为热质理论与亲和力理论提供本体论假设;热质理论与亲和力理论为原子论提供经验支持,支撑起原子的本体论论证.综合物理原子论与化学原子论,有助于我们理解道尔顿思想的全貌,重审19世纪原子论发展史的书写.
Abstract
Dalton's atomic theory,which consisted of an ontological proof of the atom and a calculation of its relative atomic mass,was defined by historians of chemistry as physical atomism and chemical atomism respectively.Since the former has been disproved by modern chemistry and the latter has made a notable contribution to the chemistry at that time and now,it is prevailing to ignore the former and focus on the latter in Dalton's researches.However,it is difficult to understand Dalton's emphasis on thermodynamics in his early years in this research style.This paper argues that Dalton's theoretical system could be divided into three sections:the atomism,the caloric theory and the affinity theory.Atomism is the ontological assumption for the caloric theory and the affinity theory;his caloric theory and affinity theory provide empirical support for atomism.The synthesis of physical and chemical atomic theory helps us to understand Dalton's thought and to revisit the history of atomic theory in the 19th century.
关键词
道尔顿/原子论/物理原子论/热质理论Key words
John Dalton/atomic theory/physical atomism/caloric theory引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据