Localized intravascular coagulopathy(LIC)refers to coagulation disorders such as thrombosis and bleeding that occurred in venous malformations(VMs).It is characterized by abnormally elevated D-dimer(DD)levels,with or without de-creased fibrinogen(FIB),and generally without thrombocytopenia.LIC can be complicated with acute pain,excessive bleeding,arthrogryposis,etc.Controversies in its diagnosis and treatment still existed.In order to improve the diagnosis and standardize treatment of LIC in China,we invited relevant experts to discuss and formulate Chinese expert consensus.The consensus provides standardized suggestions on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods and treatment process of LIC,which can provide reference for clinical practice.
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