Current curriculum reform in China emphasizes the development of a competence-based embedded assessment system that integrates with both curriculum and instruction.Built upon the theoretical foundation of competence-based achievement standards,this system is designed to track the longitudinal development of students'competencies,while providing meaningful and substantive feedback in a timely and ongoing manner.This continuous feedback facilitates improvements in classroom teaching and learning in classrooms.The system achieves this by collecting evidence from various assessment tasks administered at different time points and formats throughout the earning period,subsequently calibrating this evidence onto a common measurement scale using psychometric modeling of task-level scores.It is important to highlight the central roles teachers and students play in this system,as well as the significance of teacher assessment competence,assessment moderation mechanisms,and digital infrastructure.
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