Preliminary study on the toxic effects of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on Daphnia magna
Objective The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of quinolone antibiotics on the survival rate and reproductive ability of zooplankton in order to provide data support for the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological consequences of these pollutants.Methods The acute toxic effects and life history characteristics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on Daphnia magna were studied by acute and chronic toxicity tests.Results The LC5096 h values of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to D.magna were 0.34 and 75.79 mg/L,respectively;the safe concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to D.magna were 0.003 and 0.758 mg/L,respectively.With the increase in concentration of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin,the average generation time of D.magna prolonged,and the total number of offspring,spawning times of D.magna,net reproductive rate,and innate rate of increase decreased.The average generation time of D.magna in the highest concentration group of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin(9.645 and 19.84 mg/L)was 11.34 and 10.35 d respectively,which was very significantly longer than that in the blank control group(9.67 d).The total number of offspring was 46 and 91,respectively,which was only 10％and 19％of that of the control group;Spawning times of D.magna decreased from 11 times in the blank control group to 3 and 7 times,respectively.Compared with the control group,the net reproductive rate decreased by 89％and 81％,respectively,and the innate rate of increase decreased by 76％and 57％,respectively.The low concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin can also inhibit the population reproduction of D.magna.Conclusion For Daphnia Magna,even in the safe concentration range,long-term exposure significantly inhibited the survival and reproduction of Daphnia Magna,and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of antibiotic concentration and exposure time.
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