Study on the distribution characteristics and drug resistance changes of clinically isolated bacteria before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in a hospital
Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance change of clinically isolated bacteria in a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province before and after the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),as well as to provide reference for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infection and the rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice.Methods The clinical distribution of bacteria and their resistance to commonly used clinical antimicrobial agents from all specimens sent by the hospital were retrospectively analyzed statistically in the 2017-2019 group(from January 1st of 2017 to December 31st of 2019)and the 2020-2022 group(from January 1st of 2020 to December 31st of 2022).Results A total of 34,734 strains of bacteria were isolated from 2017 to 2022,with 40.95％in the 2017-2019 group and 59.05％in the 2020-2022 group,all of which were predominantly Gram-negative bacteria.Compared with the 2017-2019 group,proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased in the 2020-2022 group,whereas proportions of Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were sensitive to carbapenems;antimicrobial resistance rates were all smaller than 10％.The resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem and ertapenem increased in the 2020-2022 group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to cefepime and gentamicin decreased in the 2020-2022 group(all P＜0.05).The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenems,cephalosporins and quinolones increased in the 2020-2022 group(all P＜0.05).The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to most antimicrobial agents decreased(all P＜0.05).Vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant strains were not found.Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli increased compared to the 2017-2019 group,whereas methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decreased compared to the 2017-2019 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to 2017-2019,the antimicrobial resistance changed significantly in 2020-2022.The resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems continued to rise,which should be highly valued in clinical practice.
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