摘要
在实际化工过程中,纳微尺度界面体系普遍存在,且与反应和传递等过程高度耦合.这种耦合增加了直接应用宏观热力学模型和规律的难度,进而在工程预测、放大及调控方面带来挑战,制约了绿色化工技术创新和规模应用的发展.本文针对纳微尺度热力学的起源、内涵及其在前沿领域的应用进行了深入探讨.首先,以绿色介质离子液体为例,展示了纳微尺度下的独特界面结构和功能,讨论了离子液体结构-功能间的纳微尺度热力学关联机制;然后,概述了适用于纳微尺度热力学领域的研究方法,提出了集合高精度原位动态实验、精准高效计算模拟和高通量自动化人工智能相结合的研究范式;随后,总结了纳微尺度热力学理论在反应、分离和电化学领域的前沿应用,并对其挑战和未来机遇进行了深入讨论和展望.总之,纳微尺度热力学的新理论和新方法,不仅可以为化工学科的科学研究开辟新的视野和路径,还将推动化工过程实现从"分子设计→结构功能调控→工程放大规律"的跨越,催生出适应于新体系、新应用和新需求的化工热力学新学科.
Abstract
In today's chemical engineering processes;the widespread presence of interfaces across multiple spatial and temporal scales poses a significant challenge.Macroscopic thermodynamics struggles to accurately describe phenomena and functionalities at the nanoscale;consequently hindering further innovation and advancement in chemical engineering technologies.This viewpoint offers an in-depth exploration of nanoscale thermodynamics;covering its origin;essence;and practical applications.It begins by taking green medium ionic liquids as a case study;highlighting the unique interface structures and exceptional functionalities observable at the nanoscale and being extended to the thermodynamic mechanisms linking the structure and function.Then;we summarize research methodologies relevant to nanoscale thermodynamics;advocating for a paradigm that integrates high-precision in-situ dynamic experiments;precise and efficient computational simulations;and high-throughput-automated artificial intelligence.Subsequent sections address the cutting-edge applications of nanoscale thermodynamics theory in reaction engineering;separation processes;and electrochemistry.Finally;we delve into the challenges and future prospects of research in this field of nanoscale thermodynamics.In summary;the emergence of new theories in nano-microscale thermodynamics is poised to open new horizons and pathways in the scientific investigation of chemical engineering;driving the field towards a transition from analytical design and structural-functional control to the scaling of engineering principles.This advancement is expected to give rise to a new discipline in chemical thermodynamics;tailored to novel systems;applications;and emerging demands.
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