摘要
作为一种新兴计算技术,核酸分子计算因其信息存储量大、并行性高、微型化、低能耗的优点而备受关注.核酸分子计算系统主要包括信号输入、信号处理、信号输出三个模块,其目前已经能够实现数学逻辑运算、信息处理加密、模拟神经网络的功能,或与纳米材料结合构成分子机器,有望广泛应用于数学、医学、计算机科学等各种领域.本文概述了核酸分子计算的原理、功能及其生物医学应用,重点介绍了其在构建分子机器方面的研究进展,并讨论了当下面临的挑战.
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based computation has garnered significant attention as an innovative computing paradigm,distinguished by the vast data storage capacity,superior parallel processing capabilities,compact design,and energy efficiency of nucleic acids.The molecular computing system mirrors the structure of electronic computation systems,encompassing three essential components:signal input,signal processing,and signal output.It has been successfully employed to perform arithmetic and logical operations,data processing,encryption,and the development of analog neural networks.Furthermore,its integration with other nanomaterials has paved the way for the creation of molecular machines,which hold promise for extensive applications across mathematics,medicine,and computer science.This comprehensive review delves into the principles,functionalities,and biomedical applications of nucleic acid computation.It underscores the advancements in molecular machine construction and concludes with an exploration of the challenges that lie ahead.
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