Advances in multi-scale nano-micro bubble evolution of electrocata-lysis reaction electrode interfaces
The process of electrocatalytic reduction,including hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and CO2 electroreduction(CO2ER),involves the generation of nano-micro bubbles on the electrode surface.The evolution of these bubbles,including nucleation,growth,and movement,often leads to the reduction of the active electrode area,thereby affecting the electrochemical reaction efficiency.Therefore,current research focuses on understanding the evolutionary behavior and regulatory mechanism of surface bubbles during electrocatalytic reactions.This work presented the multi-scale evolution process of surface bubbles and their relationship with electrocatalysis performance.Besides,the mechanisms of bubble nucleation,growth,and detachment were introduced.Subsequently,regulating strategies of nano-micro bubbles behavior in HER and CO2ER were discussed in detail.Finally,we described the current research and development trends of nanoscale bubbles at electrode surface in electrocatalytic reactions from both experimental and computational perspectives.