Progress in brain source imaging and its applications
Electroencephalogram(EEG)and magnetoencephalogram(MEG)provide important noninvasive tools for inspecting and analyzing human brain activities.EEG/MEG captures the scalp potential/magnetic field produced by large-scale neural activity,and the acquired signals have a high temporal resolution.Therefore,they have been widely used in neuroscience,clinical medicine,and neuroengineering.However,EEG/MEG measures the extracranial potential/magnetic field produced by the diffuse transmission of intracranial neural activity through volume conductors such as brain tissue,cerebrospinal fluid,skull,and scalp.As a result,EEG/MEG measurements suffer from low spatial resolution and cannot reflect the actual spatial distribution of neural activity.Source imaging is an imaging technology that combines EEG/MEG with mathematical models of the human head to estimate the underlying brain electrical source.It is currently recognized as an effective way to improve the spatial resolution of noninvasive measurements.A typical source imaging problem is composed of a forward problem and an inverse problem.The inverse problem is the core of source imaging,and the forward problem is the basis of the inverse problem.These two components complement each other.This paper summarized typical methods and commonly used software for forward and inverse problems through a literature review.Then,we described factors affecting source imaging accuracy,as well as metrics and methods for evaluating source imaging performance.In addition,applications and research progress of source imaging technology in neuroscience,clinical medicine,and neuroengineering(especially brain-computer interface)were highlighted.Finally,we discussed current challenges in source imaging technology,as well as frontiers and trends in this field in response to these challenges,and looked into the future of source imaging to promote scientific research and technology in neuroscience,clinical medicine and other areas.
source imagingsource localizationsource reconstructionelectroencephalogram(EEG)magnetoencephalogram(MEG)inverse problem
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