摘要
当高熵合金细化至纳米尺度时,其独特的结构与纳米尺寸效应间的相互作用将赋予材料优异的功能特性.然而,由于异种元素间普遍存在的混合焓差异,将多种非混相金属稳定结合并细化至纳米尺度具有极大的理论和技术挑战.因此,本文主要综述了近年来高熵合金纳米颗粒的研究进展,首先系统总结了高熵合金纳米颗粒的制备方法、合成条件以及进一步提升合金体系固溶组元数量的策略,随后从高熵合金纳米颗粒所具备的结构稳定性、氧化还原行为及异常尺寸效应等独特性质出发,对其在催化、电磁、光热、气敏和储能等领域的应用及性能机理进行了详细的分析和讨论.最后,总结展望了高熵合金纳米颗粒未来面临的挑战和发展方向.
Abstract
High-entropy alloy nanoparticles(HEA-NPs)have promised multi-functional applications ascribing to their unique high-entropy effect,composing elements,and nanoscale size effect.However,how to overcome the immiscibility of all the composing elements and meanwhile downscale them into nanoscale remains a huge challenge.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent research advances of HEA-NPs.First,the preparation methods,synthesis conditions,and the strategies to further increase the number of metallic elements,including the top-down methods such as arc-discharge,laser ablation,sputtering deposition,and mechanical ball milling as well as the bottom-up methods such as rapid pyrolysis,electrodeposition,and wet chemistry have been categorized and reviewed.Then,the structural stability,oxidation and reduction behaviors,and anomalous size effect possessed by HEA-NPs are introduced with theoretical calculations and advanced characterizations,and the research achievements of HEA-NPs in multi-functional applications such as catalytic,electromagnetic,photothermal,gas-sensitive,and energy storage regions have been discussed.Finally,the current challenges,development directions,and future perspectives on these advanced materials are proposed.
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