Effect of orbital characteristics of asteroid defense satellites on their defense range
The study of the near-Earth asteroid is crucial for the stability of the Earth's ecosystem,the protection of species diversity,and the safety of human civilization.A kinetic impact is an effective option for defense against near-Earth asteroids,and several studies have focused on launching defense satellites from the Earth's surface for asteroid interception.This paper explores a space-based defense,namely,the deployment of defense satellites in high Earth orbit to deliver emergency kinetic impacts against near-Earth asteroids that threaten the Earth.Furthermore,this paper delves into the impacts of various orbital characteristics on the effective defense range of a defense system.By considering the maximum orbit change capability of the orbit control engine of the defense satellites as a constraint,the effects of different semi-major axis lengths,eccentricities,and inclination of the satellite orbit on the defense range were investigated by solving the Lambert problem in a two-body model.Results revealed that the effective defense range of the satellite orbit increases with the increase in the semi-major axis length,decreases with the increasing eccentricity,and initially decreases with increasing inclination,gradually increases thereafter,and reaches a minimum value at 90°.The study comprehensively investigates the performance characteristics of space-based systems that are effective for optimizing the orbital configurations of satellites,further improving the overall effectiveness of emergencies against near-Earth asteroids.
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