Probing quantum causality with geometric asymmetry in spatial-temporal correlations

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外文摘要：Causation promotes the understanding of correlation to an advanced stage by elucidating its underlying mechanism.Although statisticians have specified the possible causal relations among correlations,inferring causal structures is impossible from only the observed correlations in the classical world.Quantum correlations encapsulating the most defining aspects of quantum physics have taken a new turn for the causal inference problem—the two-point spatial and temporal quantum correlations with observationally discernible characteristics correspond exactly to the two most basic causal structures.However,a direct causal interpretation for quantum correlations has only been established in very limited cases.Here,we explore to what extent quantum correlations promote causal inference.Theoretically,we have found that the distinguishable causal regime of two-point Pauli correlations can be expanded from a single value to an asymmetric interval,and the causal structures determining the quantum correlations can be interpreted by a simple distance criterion.Experimentally,we have devised and implemented a versatile non-unital quantum channel in an optical architecture to directly observe such an asymmetric interval.The setup enabled quantum causal inference without any requirement of active intervention,which is impossible in the classical realm.Our work facilitates the identification of causal links among quantum variables and provides insight into characterizing causation and spatial-temporal correlation in quantum mechanics.

外文关键词：

causalityquantum informationquantum channelchannel-state dualitynon-unital channel

作者：

Yu MENG、Zheng-Hao LIU、Zhikuan ZHAO、Peng YIN、Yi-Tao WANG、Wei LIU、Zhi-Peng LI、Yuan-Ze YANG、Zhao-An WANG、Jin-Shi XU、Shang YU、Jian-Shun TANG、Chuan-Feng LI、Guang-Can GUO

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作者单位：

CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China

CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China

Department of Computer Science,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich,Zürich 8092,Switzerland

Hefei National Laboratory,Hefei 230088,China

Department of Physics,Imperial College London,London SW7 2AZ,UK

Research Center for Quantum Sensing,Zhejiang Lab,Hangzhou 310000,China

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基金：

Innovation Program for Quantum Science and TechnologyNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYouth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of SciencesOpen Research Projects of Zhejiang LabFok Ying-Tong Education FoundationEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Quantum Computing and Simulation HubFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

项目编号：

2021ZD-03012001217437012174376118214041190435620174922021MB0AB02171007T001062WK2030000008

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.1007/s11432-024-4007-y

中国科学:信息科学(英文版)

中国科学院

中国科学:信息科学(英文版)

CSTPCDEI

影响因子：0.715

ISSN：1674-733X

年,卷(期)：2024.67(9)