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High-order time-reversal symmetry breaking normal state

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Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional supercon-ductors.When two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative phase channel(θ_≡ θ1-θ2)exhibits an Ising-type Z2 symmetry due to the second order Josephson coupling,where θ1,2 are the phases of two gap functions.In contrast,the U(1)symmetry in the channel of θ+=θ1+θ2/2is intact.The phase locking,i.e.,ordering of θ_,can take place in the phase fluctuation regime before the onset of superconductivity,i.e.,when θ+is disordered.If θ-is pinned at±π/2,then time-reversal symmetry is broken in the normal state,otherwise,if θ_=0,or,π,rotational symmetry is broken,leading to a nematic normal state.In both cases,the order parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory,which can be viewed as a high order symmetry breaking.We employ an effective two-component XY-model assisted by a renormalization group analysis to address this problem.As a natural by-product,we also find the other interesting intermediate phase corresponds to ordering of θ+but with θ_disordered.This is the quartetting,or,charge-4e,superconductivity,which occurs above the low temperature Z2-breaking charge-2e superconducting phase.Our results provide useful guidance for studying novel symmetry breaking phases in strongly correlated superconductors.

superconductivitystrong correlationtime-reversal breakingcharge-4e

Meng Zeng、Lun-Hui Hu、Hong-Ye Hu、Yi-Zhuang You、Congjun Wu

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Department of Physics,University of California,San Diego,California 92093,USA

Department of Physics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory,Department of Physics,School of Science,Westlake University,Hangzhou 310024,China

Institute for Theoretical Sciences,Westlake University Hangzhou 310024,China

Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province,School of Science,Westlake University,Hangzhou 310024,China

Institute of Natural Sciences,Westlake Institute for Advanced Study,Hangzhou 310024,China

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startup funding of UCSD国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金New Cornerstone Science Foundation

DMR-22383601223401612174317

2024

10.1007/s11433-023-2287-8

中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)
中国科学院

中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.91
ISSN：1674-7348
年,卷(期)：2024.67(3)
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