The dataset of desert flora catalogue in Xinjiang was constructed by consulting monographs such as Chinese Flora,Xinjiang Flora,Chinese Desert Flora,Xinjiang Flora,Xinjiang Tree Chronicles,as well as related documents and major online open databases,aiming to enhance the accuracy and completeness of the data and information included in the catalogue.This dataset comprises 31 families,150 genera and 360 species of desert plants in Xinjiang,including 355 species of angiosperms and 5 species of gymnosperms.Among them,there are 80 species of plants with medicinal value,61 species of plants with forage value,and 26 species with economic value,accounting for 22.2%,16.9%and 7.2%of all plants in the dataset,respectively.This dataset contains the Chinese names,Latin names,aliases and other information of desert plants,which can provide scientific reference and basic data for scientific research on various aspects,such as the growth environment and plant value of desert plants.Moreover,it is of great significance for the conservation and development of desert plant diversity in Xinjiang.