Objective To explore the efficacy of aerobic exercise prescriptions based on the self-efficacy theory for patients with moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods A total of 130 MMD patients admitted from January 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,100 cases met the inclusion criteria and were divided into the observation group(n=50)and the control group(n=50)based on the intervention approaches.The control group received conventional preoperative care,while the observation group was administered the aerobic exercise prescription founded on the self-efficacy theory on the foundation of the control group.After a 2-week intervention,the PCO2 value of arterial blood gas analysis,the score of the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),and the incidence rates of postoperative complications[cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome(CHS),cerebral infarction,and cerebral hemorrhage]were evaluated in both groups.Results In contrast to the control group,the PCO2 value and total score of GSES increased significantly,and the incidence rates of postoperative CHS and cerebral infarction decreased significantly in the observation group(P<0.05).Conclusions The aerobic exercise prescription based on the self-efficacy theory can augment the self-efficacy of MMD patients,enhance cerebral ischemic tolerance,and reduce postoperative complications.