Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of neuroendoscopic surgery and burr hole drainage for patients with septated chronic subdural hematoma(sCSDH).Methods The clinical data of 92 patients with sCSDH treated by surgery from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-five patients were treated with neuroendoscopic surgery(endoscopy group),and 57 patients were treated with burr hole drainage(drainage group).Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 6 months.Postoperative complications,death,and hematoma recurrence were recorded.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was used to evaluate the prognosis.Results There were no significant differences in the 6-month mRS score,postoperative complication rate and mortality rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative recurrence rate in the endoscopy group(0)was significantly lower than that(15.8%,9/57)in the drainage group(P=0.035).Conclusion Compared with burr hole drainage,neuroendoscopic surgery has equivalent therapeutic efficacy for patients with sCSDH,but has a lower postoperative recurrence rate.