Objective To explore the application effect of the PDCA cycle in the prevention of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in neurosurgical patients.Methods The PDCA cycle was performed on 885 neurosurgical patients admitted from January to June 2022(observation group)to prevent VTE.The routine nursing care in neurosurgery was performed on 813 neurosurgical patients admitted from July to December 2021 were taken as the control group.The assessment rate and incidence of VTE in the two groups were compared at discharge.Results The assessment rate of VTE in the observation group(99.6%)was significantly higher than that(96.7%)in the control group(P<0.001).The incidence of VTE in the observation group(1.36%)was significantly lower than that(3.44%)in the control group(P=0.005).Conclusion The implementation of the PDCA cycle can effectively enhance the assessment rate of VTE and decrease the incidence of VTE in neurosurgical patients.