Objective To explore the effect of miR-124-3p expression on the radiosensitivity of U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells (U87 cells). Methods U87 cells were cultured in vitro. The expression of miR-124-3p was regulated by transfecting hsa-miR-124-3p mimics or hsa-miR-124-3p inhibitor plasmids using liposome vector transfection technology. After 24 hours of transfection,U87 cells in good growth condition were irradiated at room temperature using a Siemens Primus-M linear accelerator ( 16 Gy) to simulate radiotherapy. The expression level of miR-124-3p in U87 cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the proliferation ability of U87 cells was detected by the CCK-8 method. Results After transfection with hsa-miR-124-3p mimics plasmids,the expression level of miR-124-3p in U87 cells was significantly upregulated (P<0.05);after transfection with hsa-miR-124-3p inhibitor plasmids,the expression level of miR-124-3p in U87 cells was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). Upregulating the expression of miR-124-3p significantly reduced the proliferation activity of U87 cells (P<0.05);downregulating the expression of miR-124-3p significantly increased the proliferation activity of U87 cells (P<0.05). The combination of upregulating miR-124-3p expression and radiotherapy further significantly reduced the proliferation activity of U87 cells (P<0.05);the combination of downregulating miR-124-3p expression and radiotherapy significantly reduced the proliferation activity of U87 cells,but was still significantly higher than the proliferation activity of U87 cells without any treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions Upregulating the expression of miR-124-3p significantly inhibits the proliferation activity of U87 cells and significantly increases their radiosensitivity.