Addiction,defined as a chronic brain disease with high relapse rate,can lead to a series of biological,social,psychological problems.Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention(MBRP) combines mindfulness meditation practices with relapse prevention skills,emphasizing the nonjudgmental acceptance of challenging cognition,emotions,thoughts and body condition to prevent relapse.Recently,MBRP has attracted more and more attention.In this study,we reviewed the theoretical basis of MBRP and the treatment process,discussed its empirical effect and neurophysiological mechanism,to support its future application in substance addiction.