Based on the studies of positive and negative parenting styles,a genetic*environment-endocrine-brain model was constructed.Parental genes could not only directly affect parenting,but also indirectly affected parenting by regulating hormone sensitivity,such as oxytocin,testosterone,and cortisol.Positive parenting brain networks involve eight regions:motivation-reward,vigilance,internalization,mirroring,mentalizing,empathy,execution,and emotion regulation.Negative parenting was reflected in abnormal activation of brain regions,changes in brain volume,dysfunctional connectivity,and low synchrony of parent-child brain regions,which had gender specificity.Several advices were proposed for future direc-tions:(1)examining the heritability of parental rearing in China;(2)exploring the interaction between multiple genes and the environment;(3)analyzing the correlation between spontaneous parenting and brain function,and(4)exploring other ge-netic variants that affect parenting,as well as the degree of explanation of each variable based on genome-wide association study and machine learning.
万方数据
维普
