Effects of amygdalin on renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetes nephropathy rats
Objective To study the effect of amygdalin on renal tubular epithelial cell injury and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR)pathway in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)rats.Methods SD rats were grouped into blank group,model group,low dose amygdalin group(3 mg·kg-1),high dose amygdalin group(10 mg·kg-1),Compound C group(AMPK inhibitor Compound C 2.5 mg·kg-1),and high dose amygdalin+Compound C group(10 mg·kg-1 amygdalin+2.5 mg·kg-1Compound C),with 10 rats in each group.Except for blank group,the rats in other groups were fed with high-fat and high-glucose diet continuously+intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg·kg-1 1％streptozotocin(STZ)to construct the rat model of DKD.After the success of the model,the rats were given corresponding drug treatment the second day,once a day for 8 weeks,and the blank group and the model group were given equal volume physiological saline.Bicinchoninic acid(BCA)method was applied to detect 24-hour urine protein content in rats;glucose meter was applied to detect fasting blood glucose of rats;automatic biochemical analyzer was applied to detect the serum creatinine level and blood urea nitrogen level of rats;terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining was applied to detect apoptosis in kidney tissue cells;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)in serum;and Western Blot was used to measure the AMPK/mTOR pathway,autophagy,and apopt otic protein expression levels in kidney tissue.Results The renal tubule injury scores in blank group,model group,low dose amygdalin group,high dose amygdalin group,Compound C group and amygdalin high dose+Compound C group were 0.43±0.05,3.26±0.24,1.92±0.14,0.73±0.06,3.81±0.29 and 1.78±0.12,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(5.23±0.41)％,(26.35±2.17)％,(16.76±1.42)％,(6.13±0.53)％,(35.68±3.08)％and(15.92±1.15)％,respectively;phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR)/mTOR were 0.31±0.03,0.80±0.08,0.60±0.06,0.38±0.04,0.92±0.08 and 0.69±0.07,respectively;phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK)/AMPK were 0.91±0.08,0.39±0.04,0.56±0.06,0.88±0.07,0.23±0.02 and 0.52±0.05,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between model group and blank group,low dose amygdalin group,high dose amygdalin group(all P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences between high dose amygdalin group and high dose amygdalin+Compound C group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Amygdalin alleviates damage to renal tubular epithelial cells in DKD rats by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
amygdalinadenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycindiabetic kidney diseaserenal tubular epithelial cells
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