The Administration of Weisuo System in Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
The Tongzhi(同知)and Tongpan(通判)stationed in the Weisuo and the formation of the Ting system(厅制)were specific administrative system and district pattern,which aimed at making up for the implement of military management system.This practice emerged in the weisuo that located in the Shaanxi province and Gansu province.The Tongzhi and Tongpan managed the Weicang(卫仓)and they were given the titles included Jianshou(监收),Fumin(抚民)and Tunbing(屯兵)by the central government.The power and responsibilities of them had changed to be regularly stationed in Weisuo and manage civil affairs instead of being temporary stationed in Weisuo.The Ting system gradually formed.After the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty,The Tongpan from Gongchang Fu(巩昌府)and Lintao Fu(临洮府)stationed in Weisuo along the boundary of the Shaanxi province and Gansu province to supervise storage.In the reign of Shi-zong,Muzong and Shenzong in the Ming Dynasty,The Tongzhi from Gongchang Fu managed Minzhou Wei(岷州卫)and Liangzhou Wei(凉州卫).And the Tongzhi from Lintao Fu managed Lanzhou Wei(兰州卫),Hezhou Wei(河州卫),Ganzhou Wei(甘州卫).The Tongzhi who managed Lanzhou Wei and Hezhou Wei was not subordinated to Zhou and Wei,and specialized their affairs.The Tunbing Tongzhi(屯兵同知)of Ganzhou Wei and Liangzhou Wei and Fumin Tongzhi(抚民同知)of Minzhou Wei managed several kinds of Weisuo and administered all affairs,which generally had the characteristic of the Ting system.The Weisuo in Shaanxi province and Gansu province changed to govern by Fu administrative district in the Yongzheng pe-riod.The Ting system was successively changed to the Fu,Zhou and Xian System.Meanwhile,the Qing gov-ernment implemented the Ting system and Weisuo system in the newly expanded territory of Hexi(河西).The complex Ting system and Weisuo system played the significant role in the transformation of the adminis-trative system of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Shaanxi province and Gansu province.It also reflected the diversity in integrating and governing the borderland area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Shaanxi province and Gansu provinceWeisuoTing systemTongzhiTongpan
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