Microblade is the dominant industry in North China during the Terminal Pleistocene.Previous work mainly focuses on the morphology and technology of microblade cores,while various by-products have been hardly explored.Based on the refitted groups of Ma'anshan site at Nihewan Basin,this article reconstructs the chaîne opératoire of Yubetsu technology,and proposes the identifiable characteristics of a series of by-products flaked off to trim the lateral sides,wedge,platform and striking surface during the preparation,refinement and maintain of the core and microblade production.These distinguishable by-products provide the possibility to identify Yubetsu technology even when typical wedge-shaped cores are absent.These flakes are further retouched into tools such as side-scrapers and notches,suggesting that the manufacture of tools is integrated with the microblade production.This highly efficient and standard procedure is different from the microblade industry in southern North China,which is characterized by boat-shaped microblade cores and small-sized flake tools.Such situation indicates that the distinction between these two microblade industries should not be restricted to the morphology of certain cores.Instead,the chaîne opératoire and the whole lithic assemblage should be taken into consideration.
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