首页|晚清金陵难民局研究——以太平天国历史博物馆藏吴煦档案为中心

晚清金陵难民局研究——以太平天国历史博物馆藏吴煦档案为中心

Research on Jinling Refugee Bureau:Based on Archives of Wu Xu Collected by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum

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作为基层社会治理的重要补充机构,局所之设起于晚清,而盛于太平军兴.同治三年(1864年)六月,随着湘军攻入南京,太平天国运动在南京地区基本结束,办理善后事宜也提上议事日程.曾国藩首倡设立金陵善后总局,管理基层社会.善后局下属各局名目众多,局委员也多任用幕僚,各有派系.为了招徕流落在南京城及周边地区的浙江籍难民,劝其尽早回归故里,左宗棠命苏松太道吴煦之子吴宗麟前往南京办理难民局.由于曾国荃率湘军进入南京后,多方掳掠难民,或充当兵勇,或纳为己有,拒不交出,故而浙江难民实际返乡者远少于预估数量.吴宗麟在南京办理局务,半年间成效寥寥.由此可窥太平天国战争之后湘军集团内部利益不均,矛盾纷呈.太平天国之后,基层社会治理中面临多方参与的变化,各利益群体的博弈,对近代社会产生了深远影响.
In June of the third year of Tongzhi's reign(1864 AD),the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ended in Nanjing as the Hunan Army captured Nanjing.Zuo Zongtang ordered Wu Zonglin,the son of Wu Xu to go to Nanjing to handle the Refugee Bureau asking refugees from Zhejiang who live in Nanjing and its surrounding areas to return to their hometowns as soon as possible.The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum has kept detailed first-hand historical data about this section of history in the archives of Wu Xu.According to the records of the archives,after entering Nanjing,the Hunan Army captured civilians in many ways,either as soldiers or as their servants.Wu Zonglin managed the bureau in Nanjing for more than three months but with little success.After the Taiping Heavenly kingdom Movement,disputes arose due to unequal distribution of gains in the Hunan Army.The local governments were facing the change of participation by multiple parties in government affairs.The game among various interest groups had a profound impact on modern society.

Zuo ZongtangWu Zonglinthe Jinling Refugee Bureauprimary-level governance

魏星、曾蓓

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南京晓庄学院马克思主义学院,南京,211171

太平天国历史博物馆,南京,210006

左宗棠 吴宗麟 金陵难民局 基层社会治理

国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项

23VLS013

2024

中国国家博物馆馆刊
中国历史博物馆

中国国家博物馆馆刊

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.202
ISSN:2095-1639
年,卷(期):2024.(6)