The Conflicts Between Public Welfare and Profitability in the Development and Utilization of Public Data and Its Solutions
The authorized operation of public data,by introducing market forces,explores the conditional paid use of public data for industry and sector development,which helps to unleash market innovation and optimize the allocation of public data resources.The public welfare aspect of public data is reflected in meeting the legitimate demands of the public for the openness,sharing,and utilization of public resources,as well as the right to the distribution of value released from public data.The authorized operation of public data provides a feasible path for the market-oriented allocation of public data,yet the intervention of market players also labels this path as profit attribute,raising concerns on the damage to the public welfare attribute of public data.Based on the theory of data value chain,the authors construct a"two chain"theoretical model of public data public welfare value chain and profit value chain;and the model shows the complex equilibrium relation,namely the coexistence&complementarity and a zero-sum dynamic relation,between the"two chains"(public data public welfare value chain and profit value chain).The public welfare value chain promotes social equity and common prosperity by ensuring the public welfare nature of public data;the profit value chain,on the other hand,enhances the efficiency and economic benefits of public data usage by leveraging the advantages of market entities.The instinctive consideration of some subjects makes the public welfare value chain inactive,which will lead to the monopolization of profit value chain and destroy the balance between the"two chain".From the perspective of fairness and efficiency,the ideal state of two chain balance is that,all kinds of subjects have the same willingness to participate in different production activities of the two chains,and can share benefits and risks.Hence,balancing the public welfare value chain and the profit value chain lies in clearly demarcating the boundaries between the two chains,and doing a good job in the public welfare value chain feedback and compensation mechanism.In practice,the public welfare attribute of public data in China is lack of protection in source system,incompletion of the operation and management mechanism in public welfare application end,and missing of feedback and compensation mechanism for public data open.Currently,it is urgent to guide the practice of authorized operation of public data with theory by constructing an incentive mechanism for the public welfare development and utilization of public data from three dimensions:cultural incentives,institutional incentives,and economic incentives.It is supposed to enhance the protection of the public welfare aspect of public data,by building diverse public participation models,moderately advancing the construction of inclusive high-quality open data sets and infrastructure,improving the management mechanism for the supply of public data,and strengthening the incentives for research and development in public welfare scenarios,thereby promoting the rational use and value maximization of public data.
public dataauthorized operationpaid use of public dataopen datadata value chain
万方数据
维普
