This paper analyzes typical aviation accident cases and employs Bayesian theory to construct a network diagram and study the factors influencing crew members'situational awareness.Starting from the level of understanding situational awareness,data is organized and structured to build a Bayesian network model.The analysis focuses on typical cases with understanding deviations and conducts a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the influencing factors within the cases.Then it employs a method to combine semantic numerals to seek evaluation scores of the influencing factors from flight school instructors,thereby determining the parameters of the Bayesian network.The research results indicate that the main factors affecting situational understanding are knowledge accumulation,team communication and collaboration abilities.