In the study of molluscicides, and biological and physicochemical factors on snails such as Oncomelania hupensis, the cerebral ganglions are often used as an important target of observation. Different molluscicides or influencing factors may have different effects on cerebral ganglions of O. hupensis in the cell structure, biochemical indexes, and enzymology characteristics etc. This article reviews the general situation about O. hupensis cerebral ganglions in the anatomical method, morphology, histological structure and enzymohistochemistry characteristics etc.