An analysis of mosquito density and seasonal fluctuations in Liaoning Province,2020-2022
Objective To investigate the density,species composition,and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in human settlements and surrounding environments in Liaoning Province,China from 2020 to 2022,so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.Methods From May to October of 2020 to 2022,mosquitoes were monitored using the light trap method in residential areas,parks,hospitals,rural households,and livestock sheds in 14 cities.The surveillance data were analyzed using Excel 2016,ArcGIS 10.7,and SPSS 27.0 softwares.The Chi-square test was used to compare the composition ratio of mosquito species.The Levene's test was used to assess the homogeneity of variance of mosquito densities by year and by habitat.The Friedman test for multiple paired samples was used to compare their differences between groups.Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 4 239 mosquito lamps were deployed in Liaoning Province,capturing 238 193 female mosquitoes.Anopheles sinensis was the dominant species,accounting for 40.22％of the total mosquitoes,followed by Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes dorsalis,accounting for 22.11％and 20.25％,respectively.The total mosquito density was 56.19 mosquitoes/light·night.The mosquito densities of 2020-2022 were 45.67,42.72,and 80.84 mosquitoes/light·night,respectively.The mosquito density of livestock sheds was the highest,reaching 206.48 mosquitoes/light·night,followed by rural households with a density of 17.04 mosquitoes/light·night,and the lowest was in residential areas with a density of 5.25 mosquitoes/light·night.The mosquito density of livestock sheds was highest for all species except for Ae.albopictus,which only appeared in residential areas,parks,and hospitals.Among the surveillance points in the province,Anshan had the highest mosquito density of 215.27 mosquitoes/light·night,followed by Yingkou with 157.28 mosquitoes/light·night,and Dalian had the lowest density of 3.11 mosquitoes/light·night.The overall seasonal fluctuation in mosquito density showed a single-peak curve,reaching the highest in early August with a density of 179.48 mosquitoes/light·night.The seasonality of mosquito density differed significantly between different years(x2=36.440,P＜0.001)and between different habitats(x2=26.272,P＜0.001).Conclusions An.sinensis,Cx.pipiens pallens,and Ae.dorsalis are the dominant species in human settlements and surrounding environments in Liaoning Province.Mosquito density in rural habitats is high,especially in livestock sheds,which are major breeding sites and need strengthened mosquito control.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken before the peak period of mosquito activity from June to August,to reduce mosquito density and the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.
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