Epidemiological characteristics of re-emergence of human canine-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jingxing County,Hebei Province,China
Objective To investigate the disease distribution characteristics and Leishmania infection status of its hosts and vectors of canine-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jingxing County,Hebei Province,China,and to propose targeted control measures to effectively eliminate the epidemic.Methods The data of human kala-azar cases reported in Hebei Province during 2019 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to retrospectively analyze the temporal,spatial,and population distributions of human kala-azar with Excel 2017.From February to September 2022,blood samples of all dogs in townships where kala-azar cases were reported were collected,and serum antibodies to Leishmania were examined using rk39 immunochromatographic strips;the antibody-positive rate was calculated and compared between different townships using the Chi-square test with the use of SPSS 25 software.From May to September 2022,sandflies were monitored using the lamp trap method in the poultry sheds or livestock farms of the reported patients,and pathogen classification and identification were performed.Results A total of 32 confirmed cases of kala-azar were reported in Jingxing County,including 23 males and 8 females(sex ratio:2.9∶1).All the cases lived in rural areas,84.38％of them were farmers,and 81.25％of them were middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old.A total of 683 canine blood samples were collected from six townships of Jingxing County,219 of which were positive for anti-Leishmania antibodies,with a positive rate of 32.01％.The positive rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies in dogs was significantly different in different townships(x2=15.609,P=0.008).A total of 852 Phlebotomus chinensis sandflies were captured in Jingxing County,including 665 females and 187 males,with a mean density of 15.07 individuals/lamp·night.Conclusions The epidemic situation of kala-azar in Jingxing county is in the early stage of development.According to the epidemic factors of kala-azar in this area,comprehensive control measures such as personal protection,vector control and pest host control should be taken.
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