摘要
目的 了解地处中缅边境的云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州(德宏州)小兽体表恙螨的种类构成及分布情况.方法 2008-2022年在德宏州境内4个县(市)开展现场调查,常规采集小兽体表的恙螨幼虫,制作恙螨玻片标本后在显微镜下分类鉴定.使用Excel 2021软件统计优势螨种构成比.按照恙螨分类系统,整理分类名录.结果 共捕获鼠类等小兽宿主动物1 760只,分类鉴定为3目9科16属27种,黄胸鼠(917/1 760,52.10%)、大绒鼠(296/1 760,16.82%)、臭鼩(126/1 760,7.16%)和黑缘齿鼠(122/1 760,6.93%)是优势宿主.从小兽宿主体表鉴定出恙螨幼虫1科2亚科16属117种9 309只.地里纤恙螨(1 597/19 309,17.16%)、攸氏无前恙螨(1 510/9 309,16.22%)、长足背展恙螨(1 329/9 309,14.28%)是优势螨种,构成比合计为47.65%(4 436/9 309).结论 德宏州恙虫病流行区的恙螨种类十分丰富,优势螨种为地里纤恙螨、攸氏无前恙螨和长足背展恙螨.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the species composition and distribution of chigger mites on the body surface of small mammals in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(Dehong Prefecture)of Yunnan Province along the China-Myanmar border.Methods A field investigation was carried out in four cities and counties of Dehong Prefecture from 2008 to 2022.Chigger mites were collected from the body surface of small mammals such as rodents.Chigger mite slide specimens were prepared for identification and classification under a microscope.The constituent ratio of dominant chigger mite species was calculated using Excel 2021 software.According to the taxonomic system of chigger mites,a taxonomic catalogue of the mites was systematically sorted out based on the identification results.Results A total of 1 760 rodents and other small mammals were captured,belong to 27 species,16 genera,9 families,and 3 orders.Rattus tanezumi(917/1 760,52.10%),Eothenomys miletus(296/1 760,16.82%),Suncus murinus(126/1 760,7.16%),and R.andamanensis(122/1 760,6.93%)were the dominant host animals for chigger mites.From the body surface of those small mammals,a total of 9 309 larval chigger mites were identified,involving 117 species,16 genera,2 subfamilies,and 1 family,with highly abundant and diverse species.Leptotrombidium deliense(1 597/9 309,17.16%),Walchia ewingi(1 510/9 309,16.22%),and Gahrliepia longipedalis(1 329/9 309,14.28%)were the dominant mite species,with a total constituent ratio of 47.65%(4 436/9 309).Conclusion In the epidemic foci of scrub typhus in Dehong Prefecture,there are abundant species of chigger mites,and L.deliense,W.ewingi,and G.longipedalis are dominant mite species.
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