Distribution of major pathogens carried by Spermophilus dauricus in the eastern grassland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China
Objective To investigate the species and distribution of pathogens carried by Spermophilus dauricus in the eastern grassland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,so as to provide a scientific reference for local control of rodent-borne diseases and pathogen surveillance.Methods S.dauricus rodents were captured from eight sites of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in May,July,and September 2021.The liver specimens of the captured rodents were examined using quantitative PCR(qPCR)/reverse transcription qPCR(RT-qPCR)for eight important pathogens,including Rickettsia mooseri,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Orientia tsutsugamushi,Francisella tularensis,Bartonella,Leptospira interrogans,Dabie bandavirus,and Hantavirus.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the positive rate of pathogens S.dauricus among sampling sites,seasons,sexes and different ectoparasite(ticks,mites,fleas)infection status.Results A total of 181 S.dauricus were captured,with a capture rate of 1.44%and a ectoparasite infection rate of 77.35%.The detection rate of Bartonella was 39.23%(71/181),while the detection rates of the other seven pathogens ranged from 0 to 8.84%.The Bartonella detection rate differed significantly between seasons(χ2=26.795,P<0.001),with the highest positive rate of 66.67%occurring in September,followed by 52.75%in July.There was a significant difference in the Bartonella detection rates of different sampling sites(χ2=18.697,P=0.005),which were 50.00%,42.86%,and 24.62%for N1,N3,and N5 sites,respectively and 40.00%,42.86%,and 72.73%for W2,W3,and W5 sites,respectively.There were no significant differences in the positive rate of Bartonella between sexes and between ectoparasite infection status(all P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the infection rate of pathogens other than Bartonella in different months(seasons),sampling sites,sexes,and parasite infection status(all P>0.05).The positive rate of co-infection with two or more pathogens was 8.84%.Conclusions S.dauricus carries a variety of pathogens,of which Bartonella is most noteworthy,and there is co-infection with multiple pathogens in S.dauricus.The detection rate of Bartonella decreases with increasing temperature from northern to southern sampling sites,and increases with increasing humidity from western to eastern sampling sites.Early autumn is the key season for S.dauricus control.
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