An investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum carried by Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yantai,Shandong Province,China
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yantai,Shandong Province,China,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and the dangers of ticks in Yantai.Methods Tick surveillance was carried out in Muping District,Yantai economic and technological development zone(development zone),Penglai District,Haiyang City,Qixia City,Zhaoyuan City,and Laizhou City of Yantai from April to October in 2021.On-host ticks were collected from domestic animals through body surface inspection and questing ticks in the field environment were collected using the flagging method.Nested PCR was used to detect A.phagocytophilum in H.longicornis specimens.SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform the Chi-square test to compare the positive rates of different groups.Results A total of 1 698 ticks(1 097 on-host ticks and 601 questing ticks)were captured,all belonging to H.longicornis.DNA was extracted from 913 ticks grouped by region,source,developmental stage,and whether they were engorged.Among the obtained 413 DNA samples,13 were positive for the nucleic acid of A.phagocytophilum,with a positive rate of 3.15%and a minimum infection rate of 1.42%;and of the 13 positive samples,11 were from adult on-host ticks(2 from dogs and 9 from sheep),and the other 2 were from questing ticks(1 from larvae and 1 from adults).There was no significant difference in the positive rates of ticks from different hosts(χ2=1.722,P=0.423).By region,3 and 6 positive samples were detected in the on-host ticks in the development zone and Laizhou City,1 positive sample was detected in the free ticks in Penglai District,and 3 positive samples(2 from on-host ticks and 1 from free ticks)were detected in Zhaoyuan City.There was a significant difference in the positive rates of ticks from different regions(χ2=11.468,P=0.038).Conclusions H.longicornis,the dominant tick species in Yantai,from different host sources in various districts/cities have an infection with A.phagocytophilum,indicating a high pathogenic risk from human granulocytic anaplasmosis.Tick surveillance and pathogen detection should be strengthened to inform the prevention and control of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
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