中国老年人身体活动和失能的相关性研究
A correlation study between physical activity and disability in Chinese elderly
马仁涛 1王世强 1郑华涛 1赖雨 1杨鄂 1罗丹1
作者信息
- 1. 湖南工业大学体育学院,湖南省株洲 412000;体质健康和运动健身湖南省重点实验室,湖南省株洲 412000
- 折叠
摘要
目的 探究不同身体活动水平对中国老年人失能情况的影响,为老年人失能的预防和干预提供科学依据.方法 利用中国健康与养老全国追踪调查2018年数据,采用横断面研究方法,纳入7 349个有效样本,统计分析老年人身体活动水平和失能情况.采用Stata 15.0进行x2检验、多元logistic和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 中国老年人轻度失能率为22％、中度失能率为7％、重度失能率为4％.多元logistic回归分析结果显示,与低身体活动水平相比,中等身体活动水平(OR=0.459,95％CI:0.396～0.532)和 高身体活动水 平(OR=0.316,95％CI:0.276～0.363)总 体失能发生风险降低;中等身体活动水平(OR=0.707,95％CI:0.593～0.843)和高身体活动水平(OR=0.522,95％CI:0.443～0.616)轻度失能发生风险降低;中等身体活动水平(OR=0.371,95％CI:0.290～0.414)和高身体活动水平(OR=0.212,95％CI:0.168～0.269)中度失能发生风险降低;中等身体活动水平(OR=0.138,95％CI:0.102～0.186)和高身体活动水平(OR=0.078,95％CI:0.058～0.104)重度失能发生风险均降低.分层分析结果显示,与低身体活动水平相比,中高身体活动水平对于女性(OR=0.344,95％CI:0.286～0.414)、小学及以下(OR=0.327,95％CI:0.275～0.389)和中学及以上(OR=0.365,95％CI:0.267～0.498)文化程度、年龄≥ 80岁(OR=0.243,95％CI:0.154～0.383)、居住地为城市(OR=0.237,95％CI:0.169～0.334)、已婚(OR=0.348,95％CI:0.293～0.413)、慢性病数量 ≥ 3(OR=0.292,95％CI:0.136～0.625)、吸烟(OR=0.349,95％CI:0.285～0.428)和饮酒(OR=0.338,95％CI:0.292～0.391)的老年人失能风险降低的作用更大.结论 低身体活动水平的老年人更可能发生失能,中高身体活动有助于降低老年人的失能风险.建议重视身体活动对老年人失能预防的有益作用,普及健康运动知识,积极引导老年人提高身体活动水平.
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of different physical activity levels on the disability of the elderly in China,and provide the scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of the disability in Chinese elderly.Methods Based on the data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS)in 2018,the cross-sectional analysis method was used to analyze the physical activity level and disability among the elderly by including 7 349 valid samples.Thex2test and multi-factor logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The used software was Stata 15.0.Results The mild disability rate was 22％,moderate disability rate was 7％,severe disability rate was 4％in Chinese elderly.The results of multiple logistic regression showed that as compared to low physical activity level,moderate physical activity level(OR=0.459,95％CI:0.396-0.532)and high physical activity level(OR=0.316,95％CI:0.276～0.363)had low risk of total disability;moderate physical activity level(OR=0.707,95％CI:0.593-0.843)and high physical activity level(OR=0.522,95％CI:0.443-0.616)had low risk of mild disability;moderate physical activity level(OR=0.371,95％CI:0.290-0.414)and high physical activity level(OR=0.212,95％CI:0.168-0.269)had low risk of moderate disability;moderate physical activity level(OR=0.138,95％CI:0.102-0.189)and high physical activity level(OR=0.078,95％CI:0.058-0.104)had low risk of severe disability.Results of the stratified analysis showed that as compared to low physical activity level,moderate and high physical activity levels played the big role for reducing the risk of disability in elderly with female(OR=0.344,95％CI:0.286-0.414),education level≤primary school(OR=0.327,95％CI:0.275-0.389),education level ≥ middle school(OR=0.365,95％CI:0.267-0.498),age ≥80 years old(OR=0.243,95％CI:0.154-0.383),urban area(OR=0.237,95％CI:0.169-0.334),married(OR=0.348,95％CI:0.293-0.413),number of chronic diseases ≥3(OR=0.292,95％CI:0.136-0.625),smoking(OR=0.349,95％CI:0.285-0.428),drinking(OR=0.338,95％CI:0.292-0.391).Conclusion Elderly with low physical activity level could develop the disability,the moderate and high physical activity levels could reduce the disability in elderly.It is suggested to pay attention to preventive effect of physical activity on disability in elderly,to popularize the knowledge of health exercise,and to actively guide the elderly to improve their physical activity level.
关键词
老年人/身体活动/失能/中国健康与养老追踪调查Key words
Elderly/Physical activity/Disability/China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金(20CTY019)
湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目(22B0560)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据