清代满文辞书编纂刊刻研究
On the Compilation and Publication of the Manchu Dictionary in the Qing Dynasty
李贵连1
作者信息
摘要
有清一代,满语长期受到官方意识形态的保护,也有大量学众出自本心乐以知之.出于满语学习以及文化传承流播的需要,也因为清代不同民族之间交融会通的历史需求,大量的满文辞书应运而生.清代满文辞书的编纂体例按照不同的角度可以划分为不同的类型,既有对汉人小学经典的崇礼沿袭,也有自成一格的呈显巧思.官修辞书从康熙《御制清文鉴》直至乾隆《五体清文鉴》等多部辞书的纂修,在垂范世人的同时,也旨在宣明政治地位的天命正统.私修辞书数量众多,精彩纷呈,是官修辞书的智慧源泉和有效补充.满文辞书的版本大致可以分为官刻、家刻和坊刻,此外也存留有数量众多的抄本、写本甚至是少量稿本.通过展示满文辞书编纂刊刻的愿景与实际传播效果之间的差异,可以阐释满汉民族语言文化的历史交融.
Abstract
The language of a specific ethnic group embodies the thinking of the people on their inner and outer worlds.Manchu,as the national language of the Qing Dynasty,has been intentionally protected by the official ideology,there are also many students willing to learn Manchu.When learning Manchu in order to promulgate Manchu culture and assimilate different ethnic groups into the Qing Dynasty was originally in demand,a large number of Manchu dictionaries were compiled.The varying styles of the Qing Dynasty Manchu dictionaries demonstrate not only the inherited classical philological traditions of the Han,but also reveal traits unique to the Manchu.The official dictionary was a revision of Kangxi's The Imperial Dictionary of the Manchu Language,The Manchu Dictionary in Five Languages and other dictionaries,which aimed to show Manchu global domination while remaining a practical guide for civilians to utilize.However,there is a large number of private lexicographies available,which are an excellent source of supplementary information to the official dictionary.There are reprints of carved Manchu dictionaries in the bookstores today,for instance.By showing the difference between the printed versions of the Manchu dictionaries and the effect these had on local communication styles,we can begin to explore the historical blending of Manchu and Chinese languages and cultures.
关键词
满文辞书/清代/编纂刊刻/文化交融Key words
Manchu dictionary/compilation and publication/Qing Dynasty/Ethnic integration引用本文复制引用
出版年
2021
NETL
NSTL
万方数据