摘要
为明确引起甘肃省张掖市玉米黑髓病的病原菌种类,于2021年9月,在甘肃省张掖市采集具有典型病害症状标本,利用组织分离法进行分离纯化,并通过柯赫氏法则验证致病性;利用形态学特征和分子生物学方法进行鉴定.结果表明,于病样中共获得39株分离物,能引起与田间症状相一致的病原菌30株,表现症状为根茎腐烂型、根腐型和茎腐型3类.根据形态特征将30株病原物均鉴定为镰孢霉属真菌,结合分子生物学方法将30个致病镰孢霉菌分别鉴定为拟轮枝镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、层出镰刀菌(F.proliferatum)、茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)、变红镰刀菌(F.incarnatum)和柔毛镰刀菌(F.flocciferum),其分离频率依次为 50.00％、20.00％、16.67％、6.67％、3.33％和3.33％,其中拟轮枝镰刀菌为张掖市玉米黑髓病的优势致病菌,首次报道柔毛镰刀菌可以侵染玉米.该研究结果为玉米黑髓病的诊断和防治提供了依据.
Abstract
In order to identify the pathogenic fungi that caused maize melasma in Zhangye,Gansu Province,specimens with typical disease symptoms were collected in Zhangye City in September 2021,,tissue separation was used for isolation and purification,and the pathogenicity was verified by Koch's rule.Identification was performed by using morphological characteristics and molecular biology methods.The results showed that 39 isolates were obtained from diseased samples,of which 30 isolates caused disease symptoms similar to those observed in the field,the symptoms were rhizome rot,root rot and stem rot.According to the morphological characteristics,all 30 pathogens were identified as Fusariumspp.Fungi.Combined with molecular biology methods,30 pathogenic Fusarium fungi were identified as Fusarium verticillioides,F.oxysporum,F.proliferatum,F.solani,F.incarnatum and F.flocciferum,with the isolation frequencies of 50.00％、20.00％、16.67％、6.67％、3.33％and 3.33％,respectively.Among them,F.verticillioidesis was the dominant pathogen of maize melasma in Zhangye City,and F.flocciferum was first reported to infect maize.The results of this study provide a basis for the diagnosis and prevention of maize melasma.
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