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微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用

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微生物胞外多糖具有可再生、可生物降解、吸附性强、抗炎、抗氧化和抗病毒等重要特性,在食品、医药、化妆品和环境保护等领域具有多种用途.先前的研究主要集中在微生物胞外多糖的分离纯化及结构研究,有关微生物胞外多糖结构和功能的关系,以及胞外多糖在环境保护上的报道较少.为了阐明微生物胞外多糖构效关系,拓展其应用范围,综述了微生物胞外多糖的单糖组成、分子量、官能团、糖苷键、表面形态对其功能的影响,并归纳了微生物胞外多糖在污水处理、土壤修复、抗生素消除等环境保护领域的潜在应用.由于微生物胞外多糖产量和生物活性较低,限制其广泛的工业化应用,通过基因工程技术、结构修饰和优化发酵条件等手段有望提高微生物胞外多糖的产量,促进其在环境保护中的开发和应用.
Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment
Microbial exopolysaccharides have important characteristics such as renewability,biodegradability,strong adsorption,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antiviral properties.They have multiple applications in fields of food,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,and environmental protection.Previous studies mainly focused on the isolation,purification and structure of microbial exopolysaccharides,but there were few reports on the relationship between the structure and function of microbial exopolysaccharides and the role of exopolysaccharides in environmental protection.In order to elucidate the structure-function relationship of microbial exopolysaccharides and expand their applications,this article reviews the impacts of monosaccharide composition,molecular mass,functional groups,glycosidic linkages,and surface morphology on their functions.Furthermore,potential applications of microbial exopolysaccharides in wastewater treatment,soil remediation,and antibiotic elimination for environmental protection are summarized.Due to the low yield and biological activity of microbial exopolysaccharides,their extensive industrial application is limited.It is expected that the yield of microbial exopolysaccharides can be enhanced through genetic engineering techniques,structural modification,and optimization of fermentation conditions and promote their development and application in environmental protection.

microbial exopolysaccharidesstructure-functionbioremediationenvironment protectionapplication

杨义、赵守祺、葛菁萍、宋刚、杜仁鹏

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黑龙江大学生命科学学院,农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室,黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080

河北环境工程学院,河北省农业生态安全重点实验室,河北秦皇岛 066102

微生物胞外多糖 构效关系 生物修复 环境保护 应用

黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年基金中国博士后科学基金黑龙江省博士后资助项目新时代龙江优秀硕士、博士学位论文项目黑龙江省省属高校基本科研业务费专项河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金

YQ2021C0302022MD713755LBH-Z21082LJYXL2022-0202022-KYYWF-10752023SYSJJ17

2024

中国农学通报
中国农学会

中国农学通报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.891
ISSN：1000-6850
年,卷(期)：2024.40(9)
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