Endosperm Cell Related-traits in Maize Grains:Heterosis Research
To investigate the causes of the phenomenon of grain weight heterosis in maize,the number and size of endosperm cells in maize grains were studied.Maize varieties'Zhengdan 958'and'Xianyu 335'and their parents served as experimental materials for analyzing the heterosis relationship between hybrid and parents of grain weight,endosperm cell number and area.The results showed that the mid-parent heterosis of the endosperm number of 'Xianyu 335'and'Zhengdan 958'was 40.81％and 36.03％,and the over-parent heterosis was 33.09％and 23.82％,respectively.The mid-parent heterosis of 100-grain weight of 'Xianyu 335'and'Zhengdan 958'was 27.22％and 28.89％,and the over-parent heterosis was 19.72％and 18.34％,respectively.However,the mid-parent heterosis of endosperm cell area of 'Xianyu 335'and'Zhengdan 958'was-44.42％and-24.79％,and the over-parent heterosis was-45.75％and-37.30％,respectively.The endosperm cell number was positively correlated with the grain weight,and the correlation coefficient was 0.796.In summary,the number of endosperm cells of the maize hybrid is more than that of their parents,which is the main reason for heterosis of grain weight.Selecting the inbred lines with large number of endosperm cells can effectively increase the grain weight of the hybrid in the hybrid combinations.
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