Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield,Grain Protein Content and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat
To determine the suitable combination of tillage and nitrogen(N)rate for synergistic improvement of wheat yield,quality and N use efficiency in Huang-Huai-Hai area,field experiments was conducted from 2018 to 2020 with three tillage practices(rotary tillage,R;deep ploughing,P;subsoiling,B)and four N rates(135 kg/hm2,N135,180 kg/hm2,N180,225 kg/hm2,N225,270 kg/hm2,N270)in Zibo,Shandong.The results showed that the grain yield,grain protein content and N use efficiency could be significantly regulated by tillage practice,N rate and the interaction of tillage practice and N rate.Compared with the traditional R or P,B increased the N accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity stages by 1.2%-18.9%and 5.2%-16.3%,respectively.The pre-anthesis N translocation amount and post-anthesis N accumulation amount were increased by 0.8%-70.4%and 5.7%-21.9%,respectively.Additionally,the plant N production capacity and N use efficiency increased by 3.2%-21.1%and 3.7%-40.7%,respectively.Therefore,compared with R or P,the grain yield,grain protein content and grain protein yield under B were significantly increased by 3.7%-40.7%,3.6%-8.9%and 3.0%-49.9%.Increasing the N rate in a certain range could increase the grain protein content,but reduced the N use efficiency at the same time.In general,the highest grain yield,grain protein content and grain protein yield could be obtained simultaneously by B combined with 270 kg/hm2 N rate,and the N use efficiency was higher than other tillage practices with the same N rate.Therefore,in this experimental area,the preferred B combined with 270 kg/hm2 could achieve a synergistic increase in wheat yield and quality,while maintaining relatively higher N use efficiency.
tillage practicesnitrogen ratesgrain yieldgrain protein contentnitrogen use efficiency
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