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CRISPR基因编辑技术加速蔬菜作物遗传改良

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现代生物技术，特别是基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因编辑技术，对作物遗传改良产生了深远影响。本文综合分析了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统的组成、机制，综述了基因编辑技术在蔬菜作物基因功能验证和作物遗传改良方面取得的突破性进展，及其在蔬菜作物如番茄、西瓜、甘蓝、胡萝卜和黄瓜等中的应用。CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统是目前应用最广泛的基因编辑系统，为了加深对CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统的了解、促进其在蔬菜作物改良中的重要作用，本研究探讨了影响遗传转化效率的因素，提出了提高转化效率的策略，讨论了当前技术的局限性，如作物转化再生难度和基因型的依赖性。本文强调，筛选易于遗传转化的品种、开发高效的植物转化和再生系统，以及创造更高效、精确和多功能的基因编辑工具是未来研究的关键方向。
Acceleration of Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops by CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing System
Modern breeding techniques based on biotechnology have a great impact on crop genetic improvement.CRISPR/Cas gene editing system's components,mechanisms,breakthrough progresses of gene editing technology in the gene functional verification and crop genetic improvement,current utilization in various vegetable crops such as tomato,watermelon,cabbage,carrot,cucumber,and others,were summarized in this review.The CRISPR/Cas gene editing system stands out as the most extensively utilized gene-editing tool.This review aims to enhance comprehension of the CRISPR/Cas gene editing system and promote its vital role in vegetable crop improvement.This review discusses the factors affecting genetic transformation efficiency,methods to improve genetic transformation efficiency,the defects of the CRISPR gene editing system and the constraints in its current utilization in vegetable crops,including challenges related to the transformation and regeneration processes,and the genotype dependent for certain crops.In conclusion,this review suggests that future research should focus on extensive genotype screening to facilitate easier genetic transformation,the advancement of efficient crop transformation and regeneration systems,and the development of more efficient,innovative,precise,and multi-functional gene editing tools.

modern breeding techniquesCRISPR/Cas systemCRISPR gene editinggene editing efficiencygene functional verificationcrop genetic improvementvegetable crop improvementgenetic transformation efficiencybiotechnology

任文静、司劲超、陈立、杨丽梅、庄木、吕红豪、王勇、季家磊、张扬勇

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中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081

现代育种技术 CRISPR/Cas系统 CRISPR基因编辑 基因编辑效率 基因功能验证 作物遗传改良 蔬菜作物改良 遗传转化效率 生物技术

内蒙古自治区科技重大专项国家自然科学基金

2021ZD000132172578

2024

中国农学通报
中国农学会

中国农学通报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.891
ISSN：1000-6850
年,卷(期)：2024.40(24)