Evaluation of Visiting Behavior and Pollination Effect of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica on Licorice
In order to screen suitable pollinators for Glycyrrhiza uralensis and improve the seed yield of G.uralensis,the flower-visiting behavior and pollination effects of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica were compared.In the licorice field,during the flowering period of licorice,the inflorescences that were about to bloom under different pollination treatments were tagged and then the mature seeds of different treatments were harvested,and the number of pods per mature inflorescence,the number of seeds per pod,and the weight of 1000 grains,and other licorice yield-related traits were counted by conventional seed examination after pollination.The results showed that there were significant differences between A.mellifera ligustica and B.terrestris in flower visits to licorice.B.terrestris opened the keel flap more easily,and the single visit time[(2.98±0.05)s]was faster than that of A.mellifera ligustica[(8.19±0.21)s],and the frequency of visits to flowers[(12.98±0.29)flowers/min]was significantly higher than that of A.mellifera ligustica[(9.21±0.15)flowers/min].Its peak emerging period(10:00)and peak homing period(14:00)were the same as those of A.mellifera ligustica.The number of colonies of A.mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of B.terrestris,but the seed setting rate of B.terrestris(52.92％)was higher than that of A.mellifera ligustica(43.33％),both of which were significantly higher than that of self-pollination(13.75％)and wind-borne pollination(22.19％).The pod numbers of single inflorescence pollinated by B.terrestris and A.mellifera ligustica were 20.67 and 19.41,respectively,which were 34.6 and 32.5 times higher than self-pollination,and 25.2 and 22.6 times higher than wind-borne pollination,respectively.The seed number of single inflorescence pollinated by B.terrestris and A.mellifera ligustica were 91.46 and 74.75,respectively,which were 33.0 times and 26.8 times higher than self-pollination,28.5 times and 23.1 times higher than wind-borne pollination.The effective release distance of B.terrestris was about 210 m,which was significantly greater than that of A.mellifera ligustica(90 m).In conclusion,B.terrestris and A.mellifera ligustica are excellent pollinators for licorice,and B.terrestris shows better pollination effect on licorice,which can effectively solve the problem for insufficient vector insects in large-scale licorice seed production.
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