首页|不同稻田冬茬绿肥对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物数量的影响

不同稻田冬茬绿肥对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物数量的影响

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本研究通过分析上海青浦地区不同稻田冬茬绿肥翻压后的土壤养分性质、酶活性和微生物数量等指标，采用灰色关联度分析，综合筛选出最有利于土壤培肥的、适宜当地种植的稻田冬茬绿肥轮作模式。本试验设置3个稻田冬茬绿肥处理:紫云英处理(ZY)、蚕豆处理(CD)、油菜处理(YC)。结果表明:(1)不同绿肥轮作模式对于土壤pH、土壤全氮和全磷含量影响均未达到显著性水平，CD和ZY处理土壤全钾含量无显著差异，但均显著高于YC处理;土壤有机质含量顺序为CD＞YC＞ZY;ZY处理土壤有效磷含量比CD和YC分别高出12。60％和28。70％，YC处理则速效氮和有效钾含量均为最高水平。(2)各绿肥处理的过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性无显著性差异，CD处理和YC处理下土壤脲酶活性均显著高于ZY处理，CD处理土壤蔗糖酶活性分别比ZY和YC高出22。10％和55。17％。(3)CD处理土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均处于最高水平，均显著高于ZY处理。(4)绿肥产量与土壤有机质含量、土壤脲酶活性、土壤真菌数量和放线菌数量均呈现显著正相关，其中与土壤脲酶活性的相关性较高(P＜0。001);水稻产量与土壤有机质含量和土壤放线菌数量存在显著正相关(P＜0。01)。(5)采用灰色关联度分析对16个指标进行综合评价，加权关联度顺序为CD＞YC＞ZY。综合比较，水稻蚕豆轮作是最适宜试验地区的稻田冬茬绿肥轮作模式。
Effects of Different Winter Green Manure Crops on Paddy Soil Nutrients,Enzyme Activity and Microbial Communities
To screen out a suitable winter green manure rotation system for enhancing soil fertility,this study analyzed soil nutrients,enzyme activity and microbial quantities after winter green manure was incorporated in the paddy fields in Qingpu District,Shanghai.Three winter green manure cultivation treatments were set,including milk vetch(ZY),broad bean(CD)and rape(YC).The results showed that:(1)the effects of different green manure cultivation on soil pH,total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels were not significant.There was no significant difference in soil total potassium content between CD and ZY,but they were significantly higher than that in YC.The order of soil organic matter content was CD＞YC＞ZY;the content of soil available phosphorus under ZY was 12.60％and 28.70％higher than that under CD and YC,respectively,while YC treatment exhibited the highest level of available nitrogen and available potassium.(2)There was no significant difference in the activities of soil catalase and cellulase among all treatments.Soil urease activity under CD and YC were significantly higher than that under ZY,and soil sucrase activity under CD was 22.10％and 55.17％higher than that under ZY and YC,respectively.(3)The gene copy numbers of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomyces under CD were all the highest,which were significantly higher than those under ZY.(4)There were significant positive correlations between green manure yield and soil organic matter content,soil urease activity,soil fungal quantity,and soil actinomycete quantity.The strongest correlation was observed between green manure yield and soil urease activity(P＜0.001).Rice yield exhibited significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content and soil actinomycete quantity(P＜0.01).(5)A grey correlation analysis of 16 indicators determined that the order of weighted correlation degrees was CD＞YC＞ZY.Rice-broad bean rotation was the most effective winter green manure rotation system in Qingpu District of Shanghai.

winter green manure cropssoil nutrientssoil enzyme activitysoil microbial communitiesgrey correlation analysis

马晓、吕卫光、蔡文倩、余婷、张月、张海韵、汤勇华、董月霞、张翰林

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生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京 100012

上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403

农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海 201403

农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,上海 201403

上海市农业科技服务中心,上海 200335

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稻田冬茬绿肥 土壤养分性质 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 灰色关联度分析

上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目国家自然科学基金青年基金上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划上海市农业科学院生态所揭榜挂帅项目

2021-02-08-00-12-F0079642007017沪农科卓2022008生科-JA2023-1

2024

中国农学通报
中国农学会

中国农学通报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.891
ISSN：1000-6850
年,卷(期)：2024.40(26)